Chemistry 3D Lab — 100 experiments
The SimOli Chemistry 3D Lab: 100 university chemistry practicals in real-time 3D, in 11 branches — Laboratory Techniques and Measurement, Titrimetric Analysis — Acid–Base and Redox, Complexometry and Water Quality and 8 more.
Laboratory Techniques and Measurement
Glassware, balances, physical constants and the purification of compounds.
- Melting point and boiling point of organic compounds
- Purification by recrystallisation and sublimation
- Density of liquids and solids
- Water of crystallisation and the formula of hydrated copper(II) sulphate
- Calibration of volumetric glassware and the analytical balance
- Fractional distillation of an ethanol–water mixture
Titrimetric Analysis — Acid–Base and Redox
Standard solutions, indicators, and neutralisation and oxidation–reduction titrations.
- Iodometric estimation of copper in brass
- Standardisation of sodium hydroxide with oxalic acid and estimation of hydrochloric acid
- Iron in haematite ore or rust — dichromate with an external indicator
- Sodium carbonate as a primary standard — standardisation of hydrochloric acid
- Standardisation of potassium permanganate with oxalic acid
- Estimation of Mohr’s salt by potassium permanganate
- Ferrous iron by potassium dichromate — diphenylamine indicator
- Available chlorine in bleaching powder
- Carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide in a mixture — double-indicator titration
- Acetic acid content of vinegar
- Manganese dioxide in pyrolusite
Complexometry and Water Quality
EDTA titrations and the standard analyses of a water sample.
- Total, temporary and permanent hardness of water by EDTA
- Dissolved oxygen by Winkler’s method
- Chemical oxygen demand of waste water
- Chloride in water by Mohr’s argentometric method
- Alkalinity of a water sample
- Calcium oxide in cement by the rapid EDTA method
- Standardisation of EDTA and estimation of zinc
- Softening of hard water by ion exchange
Inorganic Analysis and Preparations
Salt analysis, gravimetry and the preparation of double salts and complexes.
- Systematic analysis of cations — groups zero to II
- Systematic analysis of cations — groups III to VI
- Analysis of anions — the dilute acid group
- Analysis of anions — the concentrated acid group and special tests
- Qualitative analysis of a simple salt — one cation and one anion
- Semi-micro analysis of an inorganic salt mixture
- Gravimetric estimation of barium as barium sulphate
- Gravimetric estimation of nickel as its dimethylglyoximate
- Preparation of potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)
- Paper chromatography of inorganic ions
- Preparation of double salts — Mohr’s salt and potash alum
Organic Analysis and Separations
Functional-group tests, biomolecules and chromatographic and extractive separations.
- Tests for carbohydrates, fats and proteins
- Tests for unsaturation and the alcoholic and phenolic groups
- Tests for aldehydes and ketones
- Paper chromatography of leaf and flower pigments
- Tests for carboxylic acids, amines and amides
- Qualitative analysis of a binary organic mixture
- Thin-layer chromatography of green-leaf pigments
- Column chromatography of fluorescein and methylene blue
- Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves
Organic Synthesis
Preparations that teach a reaction mechanism, a yield and a purity.
- Preparation of aspirin from salicylic acid
- Preparation of acetanilide from aniline
- Preparation of p-nitroacetanilide from acetanilide
- Preparation of p-bromoacetanilide from acetanilide
- Preparation of iodoform
- Preparation of dibenzalacetone — Claisen–Schmidt condensation
- Preparation of m-dinitrobenzene from nitrobenzene
- Preparation of o-chlorobenzoic acid — Sandmeyer reaction
- Saponification value of an oil
- Preparation of an azo dye — phenyl-azo-β-naphthol
- Estimation of phenol by bromination
Polymers, Fuels and Materials
Resins, rubbers and nanoparticles; fuels, lubricants and corrosion.
- Preparation of urea–formaldehyde resin
- Preparation of phenol–formaldehyde resin (Bakelite)
- Preparation of Thiokol rubber
- Molar mass of a polymer by viscometry
- Calorific value of a solid fuel — bomb calorimeter
- Viscosity of a lubricating oil — Redwood viscometer
- Synthesis of silver nanoparticles
- Preparation of nylon 6,6 by interfacial polymerisation
- Rusting of iron and the effect of metal coupling
Physical Properties and Solutions
Viscosity, surface tension, adsorption, colloids, phase equilibria and molar masses.
- Viscosity of liquids — Ostwald viscometer
- Surface tension and parachor — stalagmometer
- Adsorption of acetic acid on charcoal — Freundlich isotherm
- Lyophilic and lyophobic sols
- Distribution coefficient of a solute between two immiscible solvents
- Composition of a binary liquid mixture — Abbe refractometer
- Critical solution temperature of the phenol–water system
- Eutectic point of a two-component system by cooling curves
- Molar mass of a non-volatile solute — Rast’s method
- Molar mass of a volatile liquid — Dumas method
Thermochemistry and Chemical Kinetics
Enthalpy changes by calorimetry, and rate laws, orders and activation energies.
- First-order kinetics — acid-catalysed hydrolysis of methyl acetate
- Enthalpy of neutralisation of a strong acid by a strong base
- Iodine clock — initial rates and activation energy
- Enthalpy of solution of copper sulphate and potassium nitrate
- Rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid
- Enthalpy of ionisation of acetic acid
- Solubility of benzoic acid and its enthalpy of solution
- Second-order kinetics — iodide and persulphate
Electrochemistry
Conductometry, potentiometry, pH-metry, buffers and cells.
- Conductometric titration of a mixture of strong and weak acids
- Conductometric titration of a strong acid with a strong base
- Potentiometric titration of ferrous ammonium sulphate with dichromate
- pKa of a weak acid with a pH meter
- Potentiometric titration of a strong acid with a strong base
- Cell constant and the molar conductivity of electrolytes
- Buffer solutions and the Henderson equation
- Conductometric precipitation titration — barium chloride and sodium sulphate
- Solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt by conductance
- Electrode potentials and the Nernst equation — the Daniell cell
- Dissociation constant of acetic acid — Ostwald’s dilution law
Spectroscopy and Instrumental Analysis
Colorimetry, UV–visible spectrophotometry, flame photometry and infrared.
- Colorimetric estimation of copper
- Verification of Beer–Lambert’s law — iron(III) thiocyanate
- Absorption maximum and a calibration curve by UV–visible spectrophotometry
- Sodium and potassium by flame photometry
- pKa of an indicator by spectrophotometry
- Identification of functional groups by infrared spectroscopy
SimOli